How Are Physical Theories Formed? Here’s a brief overview of the process for physical theories. Theological and philosophical theories are similarly formed, mostly without the data component. The vague word "truth" is used below. Roughly, it means consensus, consistency, and predictability. Important it is to note that in the five steps below, answers are compounded through the vehicle of problems, or asking questions. A. Observation : It starts with observations focused on a particular topic, such as the moon, fish, or trees. At this and the next stage axioms, the accepted truths, are formed. B. Data Collection : Once metrics are defined, the observations are converted into empirical data, often represented as numerical values. C. Hypothesis Formation : Hypotheses are then developed—educated guesses about how things work or behave. D. Theory Development : When enough hypotheses are confirmed through experimentation and analysis, the framework of a theory begins
Problem-Solving: Disproving or Proving a Statement There are several strategies to demonstrate the falsity of a statement: Contradiction: If a statement directly conflicts with a well-established fact or theory, it can be considered false. However, this is not an infallible test, as groundbreaking theories often challenge existing paradigms. Expert Opinion: While relying on experts can be helpful, it's not definitive. Even experts can be mistaken. Personal Belief: Personal beliefs, especially without a strong logical foundation, are unreliable for determining truth. Logical Falsification: In fields like mathematics and science, proving the conclusion of a statement false through accepted logical methods can be a strong indicator of its overall falsity. Lack of Replicability: If a statement or experiment cannot be replicated, it raises doubts about its validity. Author's Reputation: If the author has a history of