We frequently hear that testing is unfair. In multiple-choice examinations, the complaints are numerous, but there are other, less obvious sources of unfairness that may widen the gap between high-performing and struggling students. Indeed, some degree of unfairness may be inherent in almost every form of testing. This problem extends well beyond K–20 education. It applies to driver's examinations, medical board examinations, and competitive examinations for government positions, including G-12 positions. The fundamental question is whether tests measure what they are intended to measure, or whether they also measure other abilities that give some examinees an unintended advantage. Another key point may be that testing can magnify differences in ability rather than merely measure them. 1. The Strategic Advantage of Good Students Good students are often better at distinguishing difficult questions from easy ones. This ability allows them to allocate their time more effectively...
Jurassic Park and the Folly of Artificial Intelligence Don Allen and Jessica Allen Jurassic Park is ostensibly a story about resurrecting dinosaurs, but beneath the adventure lies a more profound warning about technological progress. Its central problem is not that the scientists fail to accomplish what they intended. They succeed spectacularly. They bring dinosaurs back to life. They create an extraordinary park. They demonstrate scientific capabilities that once seemed impossible. The trouble begins because the future consequences of that success are substantially unknown. In this respect, Jurassic Park provides a compelling metaphor for the advent of artificial intelligence. John Hammond asks, in effect, whether humanity can create something extraordinary. The more important question, however, is what happens after it has been created. Artificial intelligence presents a similar dilemma. We can build increasingly capable systems that write, reason, program, analyze, disco...