Introduction. Wisdom often carries over through maxims, aphorisms, proverbs, and truisms. They are often stated vaguely, in ways that resonate differently with different readers but carry a similar message. Most are a single sentence, sometimes two. They tell us, guide us, and sometimes suggest wise but honest responses to happenstances, prospects, and events. Of course, the major tomes of Aristotle, Plato, Aquinas, Kant, and others can require years of study to profit from. Many well-known maxims come from their writings. You want to be wise, the pride of your family, or the pride of the workplace. How to do this is a good question, but one that has a ready answer. You simply invent it. Here we give methods with examples, some cooked up at home and many from the literature. We call it do-it-yourself DIY) wisdom. One convention: If I’ve found the maxim, say in books of quotes, it is displayed in quotes; if it is my construction, no quotes are used. Do It Yourself Wisdo...
1. Introduction Understanding is not a binary condition but a continuum of cognitive states that determines how effectively a problem solver can engage with a challenge. While dictionaries define understanding as knowing meaning, recognizing mechanisms, or apprehending behavior, problem-solving reveals a far more nuanced hierarchy. This essay presents understanding as a developmental sequence ranging from complete misconception to innovative mastery, examining how each level corresponds to distinct cognitive capacities and pedagogical needs. We also mention how AI may fit within our hierarchy. Why connect with problem-solving? The answer is simple: everything you propose to do can be cast as a problem. For example, to even discuss what is “happiness,” you first cast it as a problem, and then focus your available problem-solving tools upon it. Every question is, in short, a problem. 2. Hierarchy of Understanding The following levels...