An account of evolution from a (feedback) systems viewpoint. Species as systems. It is a given that adaptable species are the most successful and that sometimes more the adaptable species exhibit greater intelligence. To adapt requires more than instinct. It requires a problem-solving capacity to comprehend survival options and make survival decisions. So, if an adaptable species is stressed, it must solve survival problems. Many, if not most species can do have and done this. Availability of food sources is significant. In many species, we see local adaptability to local conditions. This means non-cognitive solutions are found. Perhaps adaptability involves a modified method of hunting or food gathering. Or it could involve a reactive change to climate or a need for protection. The tripod of survival: food, protection, and reproduction, are the progenitors of adaptation. Pleasure, convenience, and comfort are not. View any species as a system. It has states, such
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