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What Sciences are Settled?

  "Settled science" refers to scientific theories and principles that are widely accepted by the scientific community because they are supported by a substantial body of evidence and have withstood rigorous testing over time. While no scientific knowledge is ever considered absolutely final, certain fields and principles are regarded as highly reliable. All of the examples below are rather solid within their scope.  Five hundred years ago, none of these existed*. 1. Newtonian Mechanics (in most everyday contexts - not at quantum level) 2. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (but it is a process as much as a science) 3. The Germ Theory of Disease (yet other forms, e.g. prion have been found) 4. The Structure of DNA (as the key component of life) 5. Heliocentrism (the Earth revolves around the sun) 6. Plate Tectonics (originally rejected) 7. The Big Bang Theory (foundational in cosmology, but questions remain – big ones) 8. Conservation Laws (Energy, Mo

Eat More Meat. What?

Not good science? Bad science? Bad advice? Now published is one of these. On what? Red meat. A report has just been released that all that hype about eating less red meat and pork was bad advice. Said the report, the evidence is just too weak. So goes the latest on one of the largest studies of meat consumption. Big science says this will result in distrust of science, a loss of authority, and harm the credibility of nutrition science. So, we have a new study that contravenes established authority. Didn't Pasteur face the same problem with his theory of immunology? Flying in the face of authority, he won that one. See,  https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/30/health/red-meat-heart-cancer.html The moral here, as has been the case in physics, chemistry, biology, earthquakes, tectonics, and others, there is just no such thing as settled science.