The Challenges of Complexity in the Future The emergence of a new class of problems - complexity - poses significant challenges for future science and just about everything else knowledge-based. These problems are characterized by their inherent difficulty and the multitude of possible solutions, none of which can be guaranteed to be correct or optimal. When a system reaches a certain level of complexity, it becomes possible to discern any pattern one chooses to see. Furthermore, these patterns can be convincingly proven through both data and analysis. For instance, economists and social scientists can derive different, yet provable, patterns within the economy and human cultures, leading to vastly different predictions. This multitude of solutions renders the problems of complexity seemingly impossible to solve definitively. Artificial Intelligence (AI) will likely exacerbate this issue. With access to comprehensive knowledge, AI systems will identify even more patterns, guided ...
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