1. Introduction . In learning to solve problems, we practice in the schools, and then in life, the real problems present themselves. What is needed is not only considerable skill, but an entire framework for solving problems within our respective domains. For instance, the problems of saving a country or the entire world are not simple and require a comprehensive program. We learn how by example. The leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Winston Churchill represents two of the most significant case studies in crisis management, in fact, major wars, in modern history. More than any other factor, it was their problem-solving abilities that won their wars. While separated by nearly a century and vastly different cultural milieus, the mid-nineteenth-century American frontier and the mid-twentieth-century British Empire, or more plainly, the peasant and the aristocrat, both men faced existential threats to their respective nations. Their success was not merely a product of iron will,...
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