Skip to main content

The Halo Effect

The Halo Effect

There is in psychology a phenomenon called the halo effect. For the teacher it essentially comes to this: if a student does well on the first few exam problems graded, the teacher will normally grade higher the remainder of the problems.  The counter to this is to grade the first question of all exams, then the second, and so on.  It takes more time. But it erases the effect.  Of course, it is important to not know student names, to try not to remember handwriting, and other clues to whose paper is being graded. 

But the halo effect applies to many other phenomena.

Now suppose I was going to talk about science, like to tell you things that are generally new and mostly unknown.  How would you receive it?  If you knew me and trusted my words are carefully measure, you would look more favorably toward what I say, and vise-versa. Again, the halo effect.  On the other hand, if you didn't know me, you would read the words with a more questioning outlook and decide well into the piece if it had merit. Here there is little halo effect, and good.  This is not to say it is better not to know anything about the author, for there are plausibility factors being shot at you, and you may not know anything other than to accept or not.  The words, and the skill with which they are used constitute a type of indirect and generalized halo effect.

Now suppose I'm telling you about some new science, but before I begin I say that climate change is here, it is proven scientifically, and it is without any question. Oh,oh. If you, too, believe these things, then the halo effect is back and the next topic will be received with greater enthusiasm and believability. And conversely.  Similarly, if you adore the current administration, and believe it is doing the best for mankind, you will likely watch a news station with a similar viewpoint. You will trust their commentators, and be more receptive to much of what they say, even about other topics.  And conversely.  Again,we have the halo effect. Politicians, of all persuasion, understand implicitly and instinctively the halo effect.  This causes some to take hard-rock positions.  It appeals to their base, the halo of their constituency.  Others try to take no hard positions, hoping to appeal to a broader constituency, hoping to bask in a somewhat thinner halo shining not as brightly.

Basically, we just can't escape the halo effect, except through a rather stringent form of skepticism, which is neither a philosophy nor way of life.  Total skepticism is a "square-one" point of view.  Through this lens it becomes difficult to accept anything without extreme scrutiny.  But that is in itself an inverse halo effect. The bottom line is we come to trust and believe in things and support the sources of those things, whether in words, in action, or in doctrine.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Behavioral Science and Problem-Solving

I.                                       I.                 Introduction.                Concerning our general behavior, it’s high about time we all had some understanding of how we operate on ourselves, and it is just as important how we are operated on by others. This is the wheelhouse of behavioral sciences. It is a vast subject. It touches our lives constantly. It’s influence is pervasive and can be so subtle we never notice it. Behavioral sciences profoundly affect our ability and success at problem-solving, from the elementary level to highly complex wicked problems. This is discussed in Section IV. We begin with the basics of behavioral sciences, Section II, and then through the lens of multiple categories and examples, Section III. II.     ...

Where is AI (Artificial Intelligence) Going?

  How to view Artificial Intelligence (AI).  Imagine you go to the store to buy a TV, but all they have are 1950s models, black and white, circular screens, picture rolls, and picture imperfect, no remote. You’d say no thanks. Back in the day, they sold wildly. The TV was a must-have for everyone with $250 to spend* (about $3000 today). Compared to where AI is today, this is more or less where TVs were 70 years ago. In only a few decades AI will be advanced beyond comprehension, just like TVs today are from the 50s viewpoint. Just like we could not imagine where the video concept was going back then, we cannot really imagine where AI is going. Buckle up. But it will be spectacular.    *Back then minimum wage was $0.75/hr. Thus, a TV cost more than eight weeks' wages. ------------------------- 

Principles of Insufficiency and Sufficiency

   The principles we use but don't know it.  1.      Introduction . Every field, scientific or otherwise, rests on foundational principles—think buoyancy, behavior, or democracy. Here, we explore a unique subset: principles modified by "insufficiency" and "sufficiency." While you may never have heard of them, you use them often. These terms frame principles that blend theory, practicality, and aspiration, by offering distinct perspectives. Insufficiency often implies inaction unless justified, while sufficiency suggests something exists or must be done. We’ll examine key examples and introduce a new principle with potential significance. As a principle of principles of these is that something or some action is not done enough while others may be done too much. The first six (§2-6) of our principles are in the literature, and you can easily search them online. The others are relatively new, but fit the concepts in the real world. At times, these pri...